1 00:00:02,857 --> 00:00:05,933 Bio Beats. Big picture first: 2 00:00:07,143 --> 00:00:10,690 every map of you is a layer on one big idea. 3 00:00:11,429 --> 00:00:14,266 Fifty-eight, Francis Crick laid the rule down plain: 4 00:00:14,286 --> 00:00:17,123 DNA to RNA to protein, one-way train. 5 00:00:17,143 --> 00:00:19,980 Ninety: the Genome Project, a thirteen-year run, 6 00:00:20,000 --> 00:00:22,837 three billion letters, and it still wasn't done. 7 00:00:22,857 --> 00:00:25,694 Twenty-twenty-two, T2T sealed the gaps, 8 00:00:25,714 --> 00:00:28,551 then the pangenome put more people on the map. 9 00:00:28,571 --> 00:00:31,409 Only one or two percent spells out a protein: 10 00:00:31,429 --> 00:00:34,266 twenty thousand genes, and the switches in between. 11 00:00:34,286 --> 00:00:37,123 From the code to the cell, we're mapping you, 12 00:00:37,143 --> 00:00:39,980 DNA, RNA, protein, through and through. 13 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,837 Each map's a layer, each layer's a view, 14 00:00:42,857 --> 00:00:45,694 stack all the layers, and the map is you. 15 00:00:45,714 --> 00:00:48,551 Your liver and your brain hold the same exact book, 16 00:00:48,571 --> 00:00:51,409 but they read different pages. ENCODE took a look, 17 00:00:51,429 --> 00:00:54,266 mapped the switches on the strand, two million strong: 18 00:00:54,286 --> 00:00:57,123 the promoters and enhancers saying which gene's on. 19 00:00:57,143 --> 00:00:59,980 GTEx checked the volume, tissue after tissue: 20 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:02,837 same gene: loud in liver, in the brain a whisper. 21 00:01:02,857 --> 00:01:05,694 Human Cell Atlas reads it one cell at a time, 22 00:01:05,714 --> 00:01:08,551 trillions of cells, and the goal's to name each kind. 23 00:01:08,571 --> 00:01:11,409 HuBMAP pins each cell to the spot where it sits, 24 00:01:11,429 --> 00:01:14,266 'cause a cell without a zip code's just a name on a list. 25 00:01:14,286 --> 00:01:17,123 From the code to the cell, we're mapping you, 26 00:01:17,143 --> 00:01:19,980 DNA, RNA, protein, through and through. 27 00:01:20,000 --> 00:01:22,837 Each map's a layer, each layer's a view, 28 00:01:22,857 --> 00:01:25,694 stack all the layers, and the map is you. 29 00:01:25,714 --> 00:01:28,551 Protein Atlas out of Sweden, since two-thousand-three: 30 00:01:28,571 --> 00:01:31,409 antibodies light the rooms where the proteins like to be. 31 00:01:31,429 --> 00:01:34,266 Microbiome Project mapped the tenants in your gut: 32 00:01:34,286 --> 00:01:37,123 not ten bugs per cell, more like one for one, but 33 00:01:37,143 --> 00:01:39,980 their genes outnumber yours a hundred times or more. 34 00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:42,837 Connectome: half a rice grain, mapped to the core: 35 00:01:42,857 --> 00:01:45,694 a hundred fifty million synapses. It's insane. 36 00:01:45,714 --> 00:01:48,278 Now times that by a million for the whole brain. 37 00:01:48,571 --> 00:01:51,409 From the code to the cell, we're mapping you, 38 00:01:51,429 --> 00:01:54,266 DNA, RNA, protein, through and through. 39 00:01:54,286 --> 00:01:57,123 Each map's a layer, each layer's a view, 40 00:01:57,143 --> 00:01:59,980 stack all the layers, and the map is you. 41 00:02:00,000 --> 00:02:02,761 Big picture first, then layer on the view, 42 00:02:02,857 --> 00:02:05,977 link every map, 'cause the map is you. 43 00:02:07,143 --> 00:02:08,662 Class dismissed.